Grinding quartz glass is a highly precise and technically demanding process that requires specialized expertise and appropriate equipment. Due to its high hardness, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent optical properties, quartz glass is widely utilized in the manufacture of optical components, semiconductor devices, and laboratory apparatus. As such, the grinding process must adhere to stringent precision and standardization requirements. This article provides a detailed overview of the procedures involved in grinding quartz glass, along with critical considerations.

1. The basic steps for grinding quartz glass

(1) Preparation of tools and materials

In order to grind quartz glass effectively, it is necessary to prepare a grinding machine, grinding discs, grinding powder and coolant. The classification of grinding powder is typically based on the mesh size, with different meshes corresponding to different particle sizes. For the coarse grinding stage, it is recommended to use 200-400 mesh, while for the fine grinding stage, a mesh size of over 800 can be selected for the production of fine powder. Additionally, the coolant not only functions as a heat dissipation agent but also assists in suspending the grinding powder, thereby enhancing its uniformity. It is imperative that all tools are thoroughly cleaned and free from any contamination before use in order to prevent any impurities from scratching the glass surface.

(2) Rough grinding stage

At this stage, use of a coarser grade of grinding powder is recommended to remove large flaws or uneven surfaces on the quartz glass. During operation, it should be operated at a relatively low speed, using circular or reciprocating motion to ensure uniform force distribution. It is also important to regularly clean the accumulated debris from the grinding disc, and to replenish the grinding powder and coolant in a timely manner in order to maintain the grinding efficiency and reduce the thermal stress on the glass surface.

(3) Fine grinding stage

Following the removal of significant surface imperfections, transition to a finer grinding powder for the purpose of achieving a refined finish. The objective of this stage is to further enhance the surface smoothness and reduce micro-scratches. It is recommended that the fineness of the grinding powder be gradually increased, that the rotational speed of the grinding machine be appropriately reduced, and that the single grinding time be extended to ensure that the surface achieves the expected smoothness. Following the fine grinding process, the residual grinding particles can be efficiently removed using ultrasonic cleaning equipment.

2. Precautions during the grinding process

(1) Safety protection

During the grinding process, there is a possibility that fine quartz dust and fragments will be produced. It is important to note that long-term inhalation of this substance has the potential to cause damage to the respiratory system. It is imperative to don protective eyewear, dust masks and cut-resistant gloves, and to operate in a well-ventilated environment or with local exhaust equipment to avoid health risks.

(2) Temperature control

Quartz glass is susceptible to temperature fluctuations. Local overheating may result in microcracks or structural damage. In addition to the continuous injection of coolant, the accumulation of heat can be mitigated by intermittent pauses in grinding operations, with the duration of each session being meticulously monitored. It is recommended that an infrared thermometer be used to monitor the surface temperature of the glass in real time and to ensure that it remains below 50℃.

3. Subsequent processing and application suggestions

Following the grinding process, it is essential to meticulously clean and polish the quartz glass, if required. In the case of optical components, coating treatment may also be required to enhance light transmittance or abrasion resistance. Finally, the finished products should be placed in a dust-free environment for dry storage to avoid secondary pollution.